🎯 Practice Session
Working Capital Management
Learn about working capital management, including inventories, debtors, cash flow, and the just-in-time manufacturing philosophy for efficient business operations
Intermediate
Unit 18
1 / 51
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Vocabulary
reserve
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dự trữ, dự phòng
Example: The company keeps cash reserves for unexpected expenses.
Example: The company keeps cash reserves for unexpected expenses.
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Vocabulary
just-in-time
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đúng lúc, kịp thời (phương pháp sản xuất)
Example: Just-in-time manufacturing reduces inventory costs.
Example: Just-in-time manufacturing reduces inventory costs.
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Vocabulary
conflicting
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mâu thuẫn, xung đột
Example: Conflicting interests must be balanced carefully.
Example: Conflicting interests must be balanced carefully.
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Vocabulary
settlement
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sự thanh toán, sự giải quyết
Example: Early settlement earns a 5% discount.
Example: Early settlement earns a 5% discount.
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Vocabulary
raw material
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nguyên liệu thô, nguyên vật liệu
Example: Raw materials are purchased from multiple suppliers.
Example: Raw materials are purchased from multiple suppliers.
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Vocabulary
corresponding
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tương ứng, tương đương
Example: Sales increased with a corresponding rise in costs.
Example: Sales increased with a corresponding rise in costs.
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Vocabulary
debtor
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con nợ; khách hàng còn nợ tiền
Example: The company has many debtors who have not paid yet.
Example: The company has many debtors who have not paid yet.
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Vocabulary
discount
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chiết khấu, giảm giá
Example: Suppliers offer discounts for early payment.
Example: Suppliers offer discounts for early payment.
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Grammar
Present Perfect Continuous
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Structure: Subject + have/has been + V-ing
Used to emphasize the duration or ongoing nature of an activity that started in the past and continues to the present
Used to emphasize the duration or ongoing nature of an activity that started in the past and continues to the present
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Vocabulary
stringently
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một cách nghiêm ngặt, chặt chẽ
Example: Inventory is controlled stringently to reduce costs.
Example: Inventory is controlled stringently to reduce costs.
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Vocabulary
contingency
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tình huống bất ngờ, sự kiện dự phòng
Example: Contingency funds help deal with unexpected problems.
Example: Contingency funds help deal with unexpected problems.
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Grammar
Passive Voice with Modals
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Structure: Subject + modal verb + be + past participle
Combining modal verbs with passive voice to express necessity, possibility, or obligation
Combining modal verbs with passive voice to express necessity, possibility, or obligation
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Vocabulary
outlay
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chi phí, khoản tiền chi ra
Example: Capital outlay for new equipment is significant.
Example: Capital outlay for new equipment is significant.
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Vocabulary
principal function
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chức năng chính, nhiệm vụ chủ yếu
Example: The principal function of finance is capital allocation.
Example: The principal function of finance is capital allocation.
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Vocabulary
disruption
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sự gián đoạn, sự gây rối loạn
Example: Production disruption causes delays in delivery.
Example: Production disruption causes delays in delivery.
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Vocabulary
minimize
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giảm thiểu, thu nhỏ xuống mức tối thiểu
Example: Companies try to minimize inventory holding costs.
Example: Companies try to minimize inventory holding costs.
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Vocabulary
installment
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phần trả góp; kỳ trả góp
Example: Customers can pay in monthly installments.
Example: Customers can pay in monthly installments.
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Vocabulary
stock
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hàng tồn kho; dự trữ, dự phòng
Example: The warehouse is stocked with essential components.
Example: The warehouse is stocked with essential components.
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Vocabulary
component
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thành phần, linh kiện
Example: Electronic components are delivered just in time.
Example: Electronic components are delivered just in time.
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Vocabulary
working capital
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vốn lưu động được sử dụng cho hoạt động hàng ngày của doanh nghiệp
Example: The company needs sufficient working capital to meet daily expenses.
Example: The company needs sufficient working capital to meet daily expenses.
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Vocabulary
anticipate
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dự đoán, lường trước
Example: Good planning helps anticipate future capital needs.
Example: Good planning helps anticipate future capital needs.
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Vocabulary
overdraft
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thấu chi ngân hàng; số dư âm tạm thời
Example: The company uses an overdraft facility for short-term needs.
Example: The company uses an overdraft facility for short-term needs.
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Vocabulary
settle
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thanh toán, giải quyết
Example: All invoices must be settled within 30 days.
Example: All invoices must be settled within 30 days.
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Vocabulary
warehouse
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kho, nhà kho
Example: The warehouse stores finished products before distribution.
Example: The warehouse stores finished products before distribution.
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Vocabulary
permanent
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vĩnh viễn, cố định
Example: Permanent working capital is needed throughout the year.
Example: Permanent working capital is needed throughout the year.
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Vocabulary
minimal
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tối thiểu, ít nhất
Example: The company offers minimal credit to reduce risk.
Example: The company offers minimal credit to reduce risk.
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Vocabulary
efficiently
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một cách hiệu quả, có hiệu suất cao
Example: The factory operates efficiently with minimal waste.
Example: The factory operates efficiently with minimal waste.
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Vocabulary
lease
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thuê, cho thuê; hợp đồng cho thuê
Example: The company decided to lease equipment instead of buying.
Example: The company decided to lease equipment instead of buying.
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Vocabulary
profitability
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khả năng sinh lời; lợi nhuận
Example: Better working capital management improves overall profitability.
Example: Better working capital management improves overall profitability.
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Vocabulary
philosophy
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triết lý, quan điểm chỉ đạo
Example: The company's philosophy emphasizes customer satisfaction.
Example: The company's philosophy emphasizes customer satisfaction.
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Vocabulary
seasonal
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theo mùa, theo thời vụ
Example: Seasonal demand requires additional temporary capital.
Example: Seasonal demand requires additional temporary capital.
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Vocabulary
work-in-progress
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bán thành phẩm, hàng đang sản xuất
Example: Work-in-progress represents items currently being manufactured.
Example: Work-in-progress represents items currently being manufactured.
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Vocabulary
finished goods
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thành phẩm, hàng hoàn chỉnh
Example: Finished goods are ready for delivery to customers.
Example: Finished goods are ready for delivery to customers.
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Vocabulary
temporary
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tạm thời, không cố định
Example: Temporary working capital covers seasonal fluctuations.
Example: Temporary working capital covers seasonal fluctuations.
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Vocabulary
inventory
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hàng tồn kho, hàng dự trữ
Example: The company maintains a large inventory of raw materials.
Example: The company maintains a large inventory of raw materials.
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Vocabulary
cyclical
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theo chu kỳ, tuần hoàn
Example: Cyclical changes in the economy impact business operations.
Example: Cyclical changes in the economy impact business operations.
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Vocabulary
fluctuation
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sự biến động, sự dao động
Example: Sales fluctuations affect working capital requirements.
Example: Sales fluctuations affect working capital requirements.
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Vocabulary
margin
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tỷ suất lợi nhuận; biên độ
Example: Profit margins are declining due to competition.
Example: Profit margins are declining due to competition.
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Vocabulary
balance
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sự cân bằng; cân bằng
Example: A balance must be achieved between stock levels and costs.
Example: A balance must be achieved between stock levels and costs.
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Grammar
Conditional Sentences Type 1
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Structure: If + present simple, will + infinitive
Expressing real future possibilities in business situations
Expressing real future possibilities in business situations
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Vocabulary
reconcile
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hòa giải, dung hòa; điều hòa
Example: The just-in-time system reconciles cost and efficiency concerns.
Example: The just-in-time system reconciles cost and efficiency concerns.
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Vocabulary
delay
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sự chậm trễ; làm chậm trễ
Example: Delays in receiving materials affect production schedules.
Example: Delays in receiving materials affect production schedules.
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Vocabulary
generous
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hào phóng, rộng rãi
Example: Generous credit terms attract more customers.
Example: Generous credit terms attract more customers.
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Vocabulary
handle
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xử lý, quản lý; vận chuyển
Example: Materials must be handled carefully to avoid damage.
Example: Materials must be handled carefully to avoid damage.
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Vocabulary
supplier
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nhà cung cấp, người cung ứng
Example: The company works with reliable suppliers for quality materials.
Example: The company works with reliable suppliers for quality materials.
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Vocabulary
negotiate
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thương lượng, đàm phán
Example: Finance managers negotiate better payment terms with suppliers.
Example: Finance managers negotiate better payment terms with suppliers.
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Vocabulary
lean manufacturing
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sản xuất tinh gọn (không lãng phí)
Example: Lean manufacturing eliminates waste and improves efficiency.
Example: Lean manufacturing eliminates waste and improves efficiency.
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Vocabulary
cash flow
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dòng tiền, luồng tiền mặt
Example: Positive cash flow is essential for business survival.
Example: Positive cash flow is essential for business survival.
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Vocabulary
forecast
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dự báo, dự đoán
Example: Sales forecasting helps plan inventory levels.
Example: Sales forecasting helps plan inventory levels.
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Vocabulary
adequate
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đầy đủ, thỏa đáng
Example: Adequate cash reserves are needed for emergencies.
Example: Adequate cash reserves are needed for emergencies.
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Vocabulary
credit terms
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điều kiện tín dụng, điều khoản thanh toán
Example: Suppliers offer favorable credit terms to large customers.
Example: Suppliers offer favorable credit terms to large customers.
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